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The Shareholder Forumtm

special project of the public interest program for

Fair Investor Access

Supporting investor interests in

appraisal rights for intrinsic value realization

in the buyout of

Dell Inc.

For related issues, see programs for

Appraisal Rights Investments

Fair Investor Access

Project Status

Forum participants were encouraged to consider appraisal rights in June 2013 as a means of realizing the same long term intrinsic value that the company's founder and private equity partner sought in an opportunistic market-priced buyout, and legal research of court valuation standards was commissioned to support the required investment decisions.

The buyout transaction became effective on October 28, 2013 at an offer price of $13.75 per share, and the appraisal case was initiated on October 29, 2013, by the Forum's representative petitioner, Cavan Partners, LP. The Delaware Chancery Court issued its decision on May 31, 2016, establishing the intrinsic fair value of Dell shares at the effective date as $17.62 per share, approximately 28.1% more than the offer price, with definitive legal explanations confirming the foundations of Shareholder Forum support for appraisal rights.

Each of the Dell shareholders who chose to rely upon the Forum's support satisfied the procedural requirements to be eligible for payment of the $17.62 fair value, plus interest on that amount compounding since the effective date at 5% above the Federal Reserve discount rate.

Note: On December 14, 2017, the Delaware Supreme Court reversed and remanded the decision above, encouraging reliance upon market pricing of the transaction as a determination of "fair value." The Forum accordingly reported that it would resume support of marketplace processes instead of judicial appraisal for the realization of intrinsic value in opportunistically priced but carefully negotiated buyouts.


 

 

For views relating to the fairness of "majority of minority" voting practices that create an advantage for one proponent over another in a control contest, as addressed in the article and interview transcript below, see

Note: An earlier version of the article below, together with the interview transcript, had been distributed to Forum participants shortly after its online publication.

 

Source: The Wall Street Journal, July 28, 2013 article and interview

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL.


TECHNOLOGY  |  July 28, 2013, 1:23 p.m. ET

Dell Founder Vows to Stay On

Michael Dell Says He Plans to Stay at PC Maker Even if His Buyout Attempt Were to Fail

 

 

By DAVID BENOIT

The fight for Dell Inc. faces its latest deadline this Friday, one that could determine the fate of the deal, and Michael Dell is no longer remaining silent ahead of it.

The week's action will come down to whether Mr. Dell and private-equity firm Silver Lake can persuade the company's special board committee to accept an offer to boost their buyout price by 10 cents a share, and take with it a rules change on how votes would be counted.

A rules change would allow the buyout to pass if a majority of votes cast are in the affirmative, instead of a prior rule that would count all shares. Under that earlier structure, shares that weren't voted were counted as "no."

Reuters

Founder Michael Dell said he is ready to engage in a proxy fight if his buyout proposal is defeated.

 

 

Ahead of last week's postponed vote, the buyout group held a slim majority of the shares that voted, people familiar with the matter said.

Now Mr. Dell is taking up the mantle personally in a last gasp effort to save the deal. Last week, he pitched shareholders in a personal letter. This weekend he answered, in an email, questions from The Wall Street Journal.

Here are excerpts from that email interview.

WSJ: Is this buyout proving more or less difficult than you originally anticipated?

Mr. Dell: I knew it would be a journey and I was ready for it because think it is the right thing to do for the company. The biggest issue has been the developments since we signed and the way these have impacted the vote requirement. In particular, the emergence of a large shareholder who bought stock only after we announced the deal and the unexpectedly low turnout, which has allowed our new large shareholder to organize a blocking position that could defeat our offer even though the majority of the unaffiliated shares voting would like to accept it. Based on the number of shares currently voting on the deal, it only takes about 23% of the outstanding shares to block the transaction. This is an unfair result that does not accurately reflect what the shareholders want.

WSJ: Who have been your closest confidantes in this process?

Mr. Dell: My wife Susan is always my closest confidante. I also have a great group of advisers supporting me and a strong group at Silver Lake who share my vision and passion for the company.

WSJ: What have you learned from working with Silver Lake's Egon Durban?

Mr. Dell: I did not know Egon before this process started, but I have been very impressed with him. Egon and Silver Lake share my vision for the company and are ready to help us through the transformation the company needs with both patience and commitment. We speak regularly.

WSJ: Were you surprised by how adamant some shareholders have been against the deal? In particular, what about Southeastern Asset Management Inc. and Carl Icahn who have their own proposal for a leveraged recapitalization?

Mr. Dell: I actually take Southeastern's opposition as a compliment. They are basically saying that they believe in my ability to navigate the risks and challenges of the transformation the company faces and would like to participate with me. I came to the conclusion that we could do what we needed to do better and faster as a private company, but I respect Southeastern's point of view. In contrast, Carl Icahn was not a shareholder when we announced the deal or at any time before, but the voting standard in our contract gave him the opportunity to buy into the company and organize a blocking position with a minority of the company's shares. That's why we've now requested that the standard be changed to allow the will of the majority of the unaffiliated shares voting on the transaction to control the outcome.

WSJ: What changed leading to the price bump? Would you bump again?

Mr. Dell: This is our best and final offer, as we stated clearly in our letter last week. The fact that many parties over many months looked at this company and were not willing to pay more than $13.65 per share made it hard to justify an increase. But we ultimately decided that it was appropriate to put more on the table in connection with asking for a change in the voting standard to allow a majority of the unaffiliated shares voting to determine the outcome.

WSJ: Will you leave Dell Inc. if the deal falls through?

Mr. Dell: If the deal does not go through, I plan to stay and continue to do my best to make the company successful. I will not support the kind of recapitalization and sale of assets some shareholders are suggesting. Given where we are today, I believe the challenges we would face as a public company, including a potential proxy fight, would be significant. But I am ready to fight and I am committed to doing what I believe is right for the company.

—Shira Ovide contributed to this article.

Write to David Benoit at david.benoit@dowjones.com

A version of this article appeared July 29, 2013, on page B4 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Dell Chief Says He'll Stay On if Buyout Offer Is Defeated.

 


 

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL  |

  MARKETS & FINANCE

 

 


1:44 pm
Jul 28, 2013

Deals

Michael Dell Addresses Buyout, Southeastern and the Future

 

 

— Reuters

Michael Dell. has spent the past year negotiating to take private Dell, the company he founded in his college dormitory in 1984. But even as the fight has become very public, he has stayed largely quiet.

Apart for an occasional letter or innocuous comment, Mr. Dell’s potentially conflicted roles as leader and buyer of the company have sidelined him from saying much.

Now, as the deal comes down to another crucial decision — whether or not the board will change the rules of the vote and accept a slightly higher offer from the buyout group — Mr. Dell is speaking out.

Last week he sent a personal plea to shareholders. This weekend he answered, via email, a set of questions from The Wall Street Journal on what he’s learned, why he and Silver Lake had a change of heart on their price and the rules, and what he’ll do going forward.

Here’s the unedited set of questions and answers.

On the process

1. Is this buyout proving more or less difficult than you originally anticipated?

I knew it would be a journey and I was ready for it because think it is the right thing to do for the company. The biggest issue has been the developments since we signed and the way these have impacted the vote requirement. In particular, the emergence of a large shareholder who bought stock only after we announced the deal and the unexpectedly low turnout, which has allowed our new large shareholder to organize a blocking position that could defeat our offer even though the majority of the unaffiliated shares voting would like to accept it. Based on the number of shares currently voting on the deal, it only takes about 23% of the outstanding shares to block the transaction. This is an unfair result that does not accurately reflect what the shareholders want.

2. Looking back, what, if anything, should the buyout group have done differently?

I believe that if we knew then what we know now, there would have been a different voting standard. We completely agree with the principle that the unaffiliated shareholders should determine whether the transaction is approved. But with the benefit of hindsight, it makes no sense to count shares that don’t vote as votes against, with the result that just 23% of the outstanding shares can block the transaction. This voting standard created the opportunity for our new large shareholder to do what he has done and effectively thwarts the will of the majority of the unaffiliated shares voting on the transaction.

3. What have you learned about yourself through this process?

My focus throughout this has been on our company, and our employees, customers and partners. I could not be more proud of how our employees have continued to do a great job through these months of uncertainty or more appreciative of our customers and partners for continuing to support Dell.

4. Who have been your closest confidantes in this process?

My wife Susan is always my closest confidante. I also have a great group of advisors supporting me and a strong group at Silver Lake who share my vision and passion for the company.

5. What have you learned from working with Egon Durban? How often have you been talking or meeting with him in the last few weeks? Is that more or less than before? 

I did not know Egon before this process started, but I have been very impressed with him. Egon and Silver Lake share my vision for the company and are ready to help us through the transformation the company needs with both patience and commitment. We speak regularly.

6. How have you been spending your time the last few months? How many hours a day do you spend on matters related to the buyout?

My focus first and foremost has been on the company and our employees, customers and partners. During the last few months I have traveled extensively to meet with customers, partners and Dell employees in China, India, Canada, the U.K., Russia and of course all across the U.S. With the uncertainty that the deal process has created, that focus has been very important. The time I spend on matters related to the buyout varies.

7. How have Dell employees been responding to this process? What about your customers?

Our employees have been terrific and have remained focused on their jobs and serving our customers. I think our employees and customers will all be happier once the deal process is resolved, but I am both happy and impressed with how focused our employees have continued to be throughout the process.

8. Were you surprised by how adamant some shareholders, particularly Southeastern, have been against the deal? Were you surprised by Carl Icahn’s ability to influence it?

I actually take Southeastern’s opposition as a compliment. They are basically saying that they believe in my ability to navigate the risks and challenges of the transformation the company faces and would like to participate with me. I came to the conclusion that we could do what we needed to do better and faster as a private company, but I respect Southeastern’s point of view. In contrast, Carl Icahn was not a shareholder when we announced the deal or at any time before, but the voting standard in our contract gave him the opportunity to buy into the company and organize a blocking position with a minority of the company’s shares. That’s why we’ve now requested that the standard be changed to allow the will of the majority of the unaffiliated shares voting on the transaction to control the outcome. When shareholders who hold the majority of the unaffiliated shares voting on the transaction want to accept our offer of $13.65 per share (and now $13.75 per share), I believe it is wrong to allow the minority to deprive them of that opportunity.

9. What do you think about the fact that your advisory team failed to anticipate the number of non-votes? What went wrong there?

There are many possible explanations for the unusually low turnout. But I believe in looking forward rather than looking back. Based on where we are today, there is no question in my mind that the right result is to allow the unaffiliated shares voting on the transaction to decide whether or not the transaction goes forward.

On the revised offer:

1. You previously indicated to people you wouldn’t bump the bid, but you did. What changed, and would you bump again and if not, what’s different now?

This is our best and final offer, as we stated clearly in our letter last week. The fact that many parties over many months looked at this company and were not willing to pay more than $13.65 per share made it hard to justify an increase. But we ultimately decided that it was appropriate to put more on the table in connection with asking for a change in the voting standard to allow a majority of the unaffiliated shares voting to determine the outcome.

2. Who is paying the proposed additional ten cents per share, you, Silver Lake or both? Are you taking a discount again?

We’re sharing the increase pro rata. I am not taking a discount.

3. You agreed to the special committee’s rules when you struck the buyout deal. Why is it fair to change them now?

In hindsight, the rule that was set just never made sense. The rule is not legally required. It was a voluntary rule that was supposed to protect the interests of the unaffiliated shareholders, but in fact, it’s doing just the opposite. With the developments since we signed the agreement, particularly the low turnout and the emergence of a new large shareholder who bought in only after the deal was announced, we now have a situation where the holders of 23% of the outstanding shares can stop the transaction, even when a majority of the unaffiliated shares voting on the transaction want to accept it.

So in my mind, it’s less a question of whether it’s fair to change the rule as it is a question of whether the rule is fair. And we believe that the rule clearly is not fair and the right answer is to change it. We also believe that, in connection with this change, it is appropriate to reset the record date, which will reset the playing field and give all of our current shareholders plenty of time to consider whether they want to accept our offer and then make their decision. As I have said before, so long as the majority of the unaffiliated shares voting on the transaction get to make this decision, I am at peace either way and will honor their decision. 

On the future

1. Will you leave Dell Inc. if the deal falls through? And how do you feel about the prospects of being removed from the board in a proxy fight?

If the deal does not go through, I plan to stay and continue to do my best to make the company successful. I will not support the kind of recapitalization and sale of assets some shareholders are suggesting. Given where we are today, I believe the challenges we would face as a public company, including a potential proxy fight, would be significant. But I am ready to fight and I am committed to doing what I believe is right for the company.

2. If you were no longer the CEO, would you sell shares?

I’d rather not speculate on hypothetical situations. 

3. Are you considering any management changes? 

I think we have a great team and we do not have any plans for management changes.

4. What would you do on the first day as a private company?

I would talk with our employees and thank them for everything they have done through the uncertainty of the deal process and everything they are going to do as part of the company going forward. 

5. How long do you expect to keep the company private?

My focus is on doing what’s best for the company and I would make the judgment based on that.

6. Would you expect to remain in control until the company goes public again?

Yes.

7. Are there other enterprises businesses Dell needs to buy, or start? How do you solve Dell’s shortage of cloud services?

The company’s transformation will require significant additional investments to extend end-to-end IT solutions capabilities, expand sales coverage, compete in emerging markets, invest for growth in the PC and tablet business, and simplify and enhance the customer experience. These investments will include additional acquisitions. Silver Lake shares that vision and is ready to support the additional investments we will need to make.

8. How do you fix a sales force that, by most accounts, doesn’t do a good job selling anything other than siloed products and services?

I believe we have an excellent sales force, and I have also said that among the investments we need to make are investments in additional sales force and additional training. 

9. Will you keep making built-to-order computers, despite the rising costs?

Yes. Build to order is the foundation of the direct business model that propelled our success.

For most of our consumer and commercial customers, we offer a simplified product catalog called Dell Smart Selection that features our most popular laptop, desktop and workstations, making it faster and easier for them to find the perfect system for their needs along with great service and support. Here is a link: www.dell.com/smartselection

For many commercial customers, who prefer customization or have specific IT requirements, we offer configuration services so systems are deployment-ready when they’re delivered. We can add software imaging, BIOS settings and asset tagging, making the systems manageable and secure – something our customers have long valued from Dell.

 

Copyright ©2013 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

 

This project was conducted as part of the Shareholder Forum's public interest  program for "Fair Investor Access," which is open free of charge to anyone concerned with investor interests in the development of marketplace standards for expanded access to information for securities valuation and shareholder voting decisions. As stated in the posted Conditions of Participation, the Forum's purpose is to provide decision-makers with access to information and a free exchange of views on the issues presented in the program's Forum Summary. Each participant is expected to make independent use of information obtained through the Forum, subject to the privacy rights of other participants.  It is a Forum rule that participants will not be identified or quoted without their explicit permission.

The management of Dell Inc. declined the Forum's invitation to provide leadership of this project, but was encouraged to collaborate in its progress to assure cost-efficient, timely delivery of information relevant to investor decisions. As the project evolved, those information requirements were ultimately satisfied in the context of an appraisal proceeding.

Inquiries about this project and requests to be included in its distribution list may be addressed to dell@shareholderforum.com.

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Shareholder Forum™ is a trademark owned by The Shareholder Forum, Inc., for the programs conducted since 1999 to support investor access to decision-making information. It should be noted that we have no responsibility for the services that Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc., introduced for review in the Forum's 2010 "E-Meetings" program and has since been offering with the “Shareholder Forum” name, and we have asked Broadridge to use a different name that does not suggest our support or endorsement.